Recycling and Circularity of Li-Ion Batteries

Recycling of Li-ion batteries is important from an environmental and economic perspective. Not only is it necessary for preventing serious environmental damage, it is also pivotal for securing a resilient supply chain of critical materials for batteries. The volume of retiring batteries brings a huge potential from recycling, promoting local re-industrialization by establishing a strong circular economy. In this paper we discuss the current state of recycling, highlighting challenges and opportunities posed by integrating the Li-ion battery value chain in a circular model to address sustainability needs. While Asia leads the sector, we review the growing efforts from governments and private companies around the world to improve their participation; reset critical materials supply chains; and promote local economies. Finally, we provide insights on the critical working areas for advancing Li-ion battery recycling and circularity, toward realizing the full potential of this technology.