LV circuit-breakers confronted with harmonic, transient and cyclic currents

Development of loads, a result of the technological breakthroughs of the last decade, has led to an increased number of constraints in electrical power distribution. Protection devices have had to adapt accordingly, particularly with regard to three phenomena: - high harmonic currents due to multiplication of non-linear loads using power electronics (rectifiers, switch mode power supplies, etc.); - transient currents caused by energising loads with a high inrush current such as capacitive loads, LV/LV transformers; - cyclic currents resulting from a marked increase in load automatically in repetitive cycles (welding robots, wave train heating). The purpose of this Cahier Technique is to show how electronic control units take these new requirements into account and tend to replace thermal-magnetic trip units. It also shows how the possibilities of digital technology have turned these control units into "intelligent, communicating" sensors/ actuators.