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• Artificial intelligence is reshaping industries at an unprecedented pace, yet this transformation brings a formidable challenge: managing the intense heat generated by high-performance processors.

• As traditional air-cooled data centers struggle to meet the thermal demands of modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), liquid cooling has emerged as a vital solution for sustaining and optimizing AI infrastructure.

The Escalating Thermal Demands


Modern AI workloads—especially those involving generative models and machine learning training—demand GPUs that operate at thermal design power levels often exceeding 700 watts per unit. In high-density computing environments, conventional air-cooling methods are proving insufficient.


Liquid cooling addresses this gap by offering more efficient heat dissipation, enabling higher compute densities and reducing both energy consumption and operational costs.


GPUs are delivering performance gains with every new generation, but power consumption grows as well.

Thermal design power (watts) by generations of NVIDIA AI chipset

TDP is rising with every new generation of NVIDIA AI chipset

Direct Liquid Cooling: A Targeted Approach


Among the various technologies available, direct liquid cooling (DLC) has become the preferred method. DLC systems employ cold plates attached directly to critical components, such as GPUs, to transfer heat rapidly without exposing sensitive electronics to the coolant.


This approach minimizes the need for energy-intensive fans and optimizes space within data center racks. While liquid cooling is set to handle the primary heat load, many facilities will maintain air-cooling systems to support secondary components like networking and storage equipment.

Addressing Integration Challenges


Adopting liquid cooling involves careful planning to overcome several operational challenges:

  • 01

    Deployment Delays

    Integrating cooling solutions alongside IT infrastructure from the outset is crucial to prevent delays and maximize system performance.

  • 02

    Skill Gaps

    The specialized nature of liquid cooling technology may require collaboration with experienced vendors to ensure a smooth transition.

  • 03

    Downtime Risks

    Advanced containment, redundancy, and leak prevention measures are essential to minimize potential disruptions.

  • 04

    Hardware Protection

    Modern liquid cooling systems are engineered to mitigate thermal shock and prevent leaks, thereby safeguarding valuable AI hardware.

  • 05

    Warranty Compliance

    Adhering to manufacturer-approved cooling protocols is critical to maintain warranties and avoid unforeseen liabilities.

The Critical Role of Cooling Distribution Units


A pivotal component in liquid cooling systems is the cooling distribution unit (CDU). CDUs regulate water temperature, pressure, and flow, serving as the interface between the cooling infrastructure and IT equipment. Their integration is key to achieving optimal thermal management while ensuring compatibility with existing data center setups.

Preparing for a Future-Ready Data Center


As AI workloads continue to push the boundaries of computational power, data centers must evolve to incorporate liquid cooling solutions. Liquid cooling is not merely an upgrade - it is a strategic imperative for data centers aiming to optimize performance, efficiency, and sustainability in the era of advanced AI. Organizations should:

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Assess current infrastructure


Evaluate existing cooling capacities and determine necessary modifications.

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Engage with Trusted Partners


Collaborate with IT vendors and cooling specialists to facilitate a seamless transition.

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Prioritize Sustainability


Leverage liquid cooling to enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprints compared to traditional air-cooling methods.

Dig Deeper


In this executive brief we emphasize that liquid cooling is not a standalone solution, but a comprehensive system that requires integration with existing infrastructure, and that it can also contribute to energy efficiency and sustainability goals.

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