Q: What is the selection criterion of Circuit Breakers for the Capacitor bank application.

The selection should be done after derating the Circuit Breaker taking into consideration voltage variation and capacitors tolerances that could increase nominal current up to 1.5In. The Derating factor of 1.5In Where In = Q/ ( Square root of 3 ) Un Q = Capacitor Power Un = Nominal Voltage Choose the Micrologic with delay time selection, so that the Circuit Breaker does not trip due to initial high inrush current. Also to be taken into account are the parameters like supply frequency, operating voltage & harmonics level of the power system for such application. Refer the attached sheet for further details for selection of Circuit Breaker for Capacitor duty application. Note: Use the phase barrier between the phases in Circuit Breaker to prevent flashover due to heavy inrush current.

Q: Why is Neutral and Earth (Ground) Connection forbidden Downstream from Main Panel?

The question is often asked what is the maximum voltage permitted between the Neutral and Earth (Ground) conductor and if the Neutral and Earth can be bridged to achieve a zero value.This can be a difficult topic, in fact in many cases it can be dangerous. As you will see from the attached document, there are many reasons why it is not allowed.

Question 1

PM1000, PM1200, and EM6400 block registers

Accepted Answer

Certain registers must be read as a "block" from the PM1000, PM1200, and EM6400 meters. In order to read these registers, one must set the starting register to 3001, then 20 registers must be read in a single read. Attempting to read these registers in any other manner will result in either a time out or an error.The example in the picture below shows an scenario.Note: "Function Code: O3H Read" is stating that these registers are Holding Registers.The PowerLogic PM1000 Series Power Meters User Manual can be found here. It includes the PM1000/PM1200/EM6400 register list.

Question 2

What is Modbus and How does it work?

Accepted Answer

What is Modbus? Modbus is a serial communication protocol developed by Modicon published by Modicon® in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). In simple terms, it is a method used for transmitting information over serial lines between electronic devices. The device requesting the information is called the Modbus Client and the devices supplying information are Modbus Servers. In a standard Modbus network, there is one Client and up to 247 Servers, each with a unique Server Address from 1 to 247. The Client can also write information to the Servers.The official Modbus specification can be found at https://modbus.org/ What is it used for? Modbus is an open protocol, meaning that it's free for manufacturers to build into their equipment without having to pay royalties. It has become a standard communications protocol in industry, and is now the most commonly available means of connecting industrial electronic devices. It is used widely by many manufacturers throughout many industries. Modbus is typically used to transmit signals from instrumentation and control devices back to a main controller or data gathering system, for example a system that measures temperature and humidity and communicates the results to a computer. Modbus is often used to connect a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. Versions of the Modbus protocol exist for serial lines (Modbus RTU and Modbus ASCII) and for Ethernet (Modbus TCP). How does it work? Modbus is transmitted over serial lines between devices. The simplest setup would be a single serial cable connecting the serial ports on two devices, a Client and a Server. The data is sent as series of ones and zeroes called bits. Each bit is sent as a voltage. Zeroes are sent as positive voltages and a ones as negative. The bits are sent very quickly. A typical transmission speed is 9600 baud (bits per second). What is hexadecimal? When troubleshooting problems, it can be helpful to see the actual raw data being transmitted. Long strings of ones and zeroes are difficult to read, so the bits are combined and shown in hexadecimal. Each block of 4 bits is represented by one of the sixteen characters from 0 to F. Each block of 8 bits (called a byte) is represented by one of the 256 character pairs from 00 to FF. How is data stored in Standard Modbus? Information is stored in the Server device in four different tables. Two tables store on/off discrete values (coils) and two store numerical values (registers). The coils and registers each have a read-only table and read-write table. Each table has 9999 values. Each coil or contact is 1 bit and assigned a data address between 0000 and 270E. Each register is 1 word = 16 bits = 2 bytes and also has data address between 0000 and 270E. Coil/Register Numbers can be thought of as location names since they do not appear in the actual messages. The Data Addresses are used in the messages. For example, the first Holding Register, number 40001, has the Data Address 0000. The difference between these two values is the offset. Each table has a different offset. 1, 10001, 30001 and 40001. What is the Server ID? Each server in a network is assigned a unique unit address from 1 to 247. When the client requests data, the first byte it sends is the Server address. This way each server knows after the first byte whether or not to ignore the message. What is a function code? The second byte sent by the Client is the Function code. This number tells the server which table to access and whether to read from or write to the table. What is a CRC? CRC stands for Cyclic Redundancy check. It is two bytes added to the end of every modbus message for error detection. Every byte in the message is used to calculate the CRC. The receiving device also calculates the CRC and compares it to the CRC from the sending device. If even one bit in the message is received incorrectly, the CRCs will be different and an error will result. . What are the formats of Modbus commands and responses? What are data types? The example for FC03 shows that register 40108 contains AE41 which converts to the 16 bits 1010 1110 0100 0001 Great! But what does it mean? Well, it could mean a few things. Register 40108 could be defined as any of these 16-bit data types: A 16-bit unsigned integer (a whole number between 0 and 65535) register 40108 contains AE41 = 44,609 (hex to decimal conversion) A 16-bit signed integer (a whole number between -32768 and 32767) AE41 = -20,927 (hex to decimal conversion that wraps, if its over 32767 then subtract 65536) A two character ASCII string (2 typed letters) AE41 = ® A A discrete on/off value (this works the same as 16-bit integers with a value of 0 or 1. The hex data would be 0000 or 0001) Register 40108 could also be combined with40109 to form any of these 32-bit data types: A 32-bit unsigned integer (a number between 0 and 4,294,967,295) 40108,40109 = AE41 5652 = 2,923,517,522 A 32-bit signed integer (a number between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647) AE41 5652 = -1,371,449,774 A 32-bit double precision IEEE floating point number. This is a mathematical formula that allows any real number (a number with decimal points) to represented by 32 bits with an accuracy of about seven digits. AE41 5652 = -4.395978 E-11 Here is a spreadsheet IEEE float calculator for inputs of 4 bytes or 2 words. To download a copy, right click and select Save Target As... A four character ASCII string (4 typed letters) AE41 5652 = ® A V R More registers can be combined to form longer ASCII strings. Each register being used to store two ASCII characters (two bytes). What is byte and word ordering? The Modbus specification doesn't define exactly how the data is stored in the registers. Therefore, some manufacturers implemented modbus in their equipment to store and transmit the higher byte first followed by the lower byte. (AE before 41). Alternatively, others store and transmit the lower byte first (41 before AE). Similarly, when registers are combined to represent 32-bit data types, Some devices store the higher 16 bits (high word) in the first register and the remaining low word in the second (AE41 before 5652) while others do the opposite (5652 before AE41) It doesn't matter which order the bytes or words are sent in, as long as the receiving device knows which way to expect it. For example, if the number 29,235,175,522 was to be sent as a 32 bit unsigned integer, it could be arranged any of these four ways. AE41 5652 high byte first high word first 5652 AE41 high byte first low word first 41AE 5256 low byte first high word first 5256 41AE low byte first low word first What is a Modbus Map? A modbus map is simply a list for an individual server device that defines - what the data is (eg. pressure or temperature readings) - where the data is stored (which tables and data addresses) - how the data is stored (data types, byte and word ordering) Some devices are built with a fixed map that is defined by the manufacturer. While other devices allow the operator to configure or program a custom map to fit their needs. What is the difference between Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU? Modbus RTU and Modbus ASCII talk the same protocol. The only difference is that the bytes being transmitted over the wire are presented as binary with RTU and as readable ASCII with Modbus RTU. important to note about RTU is that the RTU message does not have a Start_of_text indication. The receiving party in the communications uses a "silent" time in order to determine the start of a new message. ASCII does have a start-of-text token. Binary messages are shorter than ASCII and therefore theoretically faster to transmit/receive. You may be happy to see update rates of about 100 ms in your HMI/SCADA and could choose either communication.Summary:- use RTU is possible- use ASCII in case RTU is giving timeout problems on WinNT or when using slow communications media like 300 bps or dialup modems Most OPC Servers for Modbus support ASCII as well as RTU communications.. What are extended register addresses? Since the range of the analog output holding registers is 40001 to 49999, it implies that there cannot be more than 9999 registers. Although this is usually enough for most applications, there are cases where more registers would be beneficial. Registers 40001 to 49999 correspond to data addresses 0000 to 270E. If we utilize the remaining data addresses 270F to FFFF, over six times as many registers can be available, 65536 in total. This would correspond to register numbers from 40001 to 105536. Many modbus software drivers (for Client PCs) were written with the 40001 to 49999 limits and cannot access extended registers in server devices. And many server devices do not support maps using the extended registers. But on the other hand, some server devices do support these registers and some Client software can access it, especially if custom software is written. How does 2-byte server addressing work? Since a single byte is normally used to define the server address and each server on a network requires a unique address, the number of server on a network is limited to 256. The limit defined in the modbus specification is even lower at 247. To get beyond this limit, a modification can be made to the protocol to use two bytes for the address. The client and the servers would all be required to support this modification. Two byte addressing extends the limit on the number of servers in a network to 65535. By default, the Simply Modbus software uses 1 byte addressing. When an address greater than 255 is entered, the software automatically switches to 2 byte addressing and stays in this mode for all addresses until the 2 byte addressing is manually turned off. How can you send events and historical data? Enron Modbus includes commands for moving events and historical data.. What is Enron Modbus? Enron Modbus is a modification to the standard Modicon modbus communication protocol developed by Enron Corporation. See Enron Modbus for details.

Question 3

Difference among Rogowski coils, LVCTs and conventional CTs

Accepted Answer

Product Line Rogowski coils, LVCT, Split-Core Current transducers Environment Current Transformer, CT. Resolution Rogowski coils The Rogowski coils are rope-style current transducers and they provide secondary AC low voltage proportional to the primary (sensed) current. The flexible core makes it easy to fit in tight enclosures. Leads are connected directly to the X1 and X2 inputs in the meter. Accuracy ±1% from 50 to 5000 A Environment EM35xxA, EM42xx, iEM3555 and iEM3565 LVCT These are current transducers with proportional Voltage output on the secondary side. There are 2 output options for this CT either 1 V or 0.333v at 100% of the rated current. The transducer output leads are connected to the meter inputs where the white wire is the X1 lead. The user needs to specify the CT primary in the meter settings. Accuracy 1% from 10% to 100% of rated current Refer to PowerLogic™ UL 2808 Current Transformers (CT) Technical Datasheet. Environment EM35xx, EM42xxEM4033, EM4833, EM49xx, iEM3455, iEM3465 and BCPM (mains) HDPM6000 This meter uses special LVCTs, they can be found in this installation guide. These CTs range from 20A to 4000A voltage ratings with 0.2% to 1% accuracy. Output at Rated Current 0.25VAC PowerLogic™ HDPM6000 Series Current Transducer Installation Manual. See the installation guide. Instrument transformers The conventional CT has a current output proportional to the Primary side. The most common CT secondary values are 1A and 5A outputs. There are other CT options, the CT secondary can be as low as 80mA or as high as 10A or even 20A (make sure the meter is compatible with this current input value). A shorting block is necessary for the installation. For all these CTs, the CT ratio needs to be entered into the meter, so the device can calculate the actual current on the CT primary. Split-Core Current transformers, See installation guide.HDMCT, See FAQ Environment iEM32xx, PM5000 series, PM2000 series, PM8000, ION7400, ION9000, ION8650, EM4880, EM4805, EM4080, EM4005

Question 4

Warranty Support and Verification

Accepted Answer

I have a 1PH APC Product. What is your warranty policy? Product Line APC equipment purchased from qualified and legitimate resellers and/or distributors. Resolution At APC by Schneider Electric, we value your business and are committed to ensuring your devices are properly registered and supported. To verify your unit’s warranty status or correct any details, please use our online services:🔗 Check Warranty Status Warranty Policy References For your convenience, warranty policies are outlined in the following resources: APC Back-UPS™ and APC Portable Power Station (Schneider OffGrid):🔗 View FAQ APC Smart-UPS™:🔗 View FAQ APC Rack PDU, Rack ATS, and SmartSlot™ Cards:🔗 View FAQ APC Symmetra LX and RM™, including compatible replaceable modules:🔗 View FAQ Warranty Discrepancies and Support In rare cases, warranty records may not reflect the actual purchase date. If you notice any discrepancies or would like to confirm or correct your warranty details, please contact us: 📞 Phone: 1-800-800-4272💬 Live Chat: Chat with Technical Support Please have the following information ready: Model or SKU numberSerial Number (SN) of the device or accessory Note: The location of the serial number may vary depending on the model. Our support team can assist you in locating it. Warranty Disclaimer Schneider Electric reserves the right to refuse warranty correction for any unit or device not purchased through authorized resellers or legitimate distributors. To ensure eligibility for warranty support, customers may be required to present proof of purchase from a recognized sales channel. For a list of authorized resellers and distributors, please visit: 🔗 Schneider Electric Partner Locator

Question 5

How to solve Integrity Check error reported with EcoStruxure Control Expert V15.0 Classic

Accepted Answer

1. IssueIntegrity Check error is reported after having uninstall and reinstall EcoStruxure Control Expert V15.0 Classic.Two cases can happen:Case 1 : You already previously installed hot fixes for Control Expert V15.0 (e.g. ControlExpert_CEV150_HF_New_Ethernet_Module_Limitation).Then you uninstalled and reinstalled Control Expert V15.0.Case 2: You already have previous versions of Control Expert installed and at first Control Expert V15.0 installation the Integrity Check error is reported.2. ResolutionCase 1 : To solve the issue it is mandatory to reinstall all hot fixes previously installed. This issue will be definitively corrected with EcoStruxure Control Expert V15.0 SP1.Case 2: You need to remove the folder named SSTA from the path "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Schneider Electric Shared\".Then do a repair of your Control Expert V15.0.

Question 6

Somove license activation (Version 2.8 and above)

Accepted Answer

To activate Somove V2.8 and above, please follow these instructions. 1. Open this website: https://www.se.com/us/en/shop/software/process-license and click Download License File: 2. Afterwards, you will be directed to log in to mySchneider. If you have create an account, enter your email, click continue and enter your password then click Login. 3. Once logged in, this page will appear next. Select the appropriate license file to use and download if you are only looking for a specific software to download by clicking the individual hyperlinks below. For Somove, click Somove-2.X License File.zip to download the files. After download, extract the files. 4. Once download and extracting the files are done, the folder should contain the following. Click the folder to open the contents. After that, you should see the license file: 5. Open the folder. Copy the file and place the “.lic” file (license file only not the whole folder) in the following folder: "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Schneider Electric Shared\LicenseFiles". When you restart the Somove software, the license will be automatically activated, allowing you to continue using the software. For Somove, if License state indicates Registered, it means the software is activated.

Question 7

What is the expected life of my APC UPS VRLA battery?

Accepted Answer

Issue:What is the expected life of my APC UPS VRLA Battery?Product Line:All UPS ModelsEnvironment: All Three Phase and Single Phase UPS Models Cause / Resolution:Most APC batteries should last three to five years. There are many factors which affect Battery life including environment and number of discharges. Below are some guidelines to ensure optimum life expectancy: 1. Operating Temperature: The optimal operating temperature for a lead‑acid battery is 20–25°C (68–77°F). Operating at higher temperatures significantly reduces battery lifespan. As a general rule, every 8°C (15°F) increase in temperature will cut the battery’s life in half. For example, a battery expected to last 4 years at 25°C (77°F) would only last about 2 years if operated at 33°C (95°F). Keep in mind that the internal battery temperature of a UPS is always higher than the ambient room temperature. Because of this, it is strongly recommended to install the UPS in a location with good airflow, proper ventilation, and adequate cooling to help maximize battery life. 2. Battery Calibration and Deep Discharge: You should perform runtime calibrations on your UPS only once or twice per year, and only if truly necessary. While some customers run calibrations to verify that their available runtime is sufficient, performing these tests too frequently can significantly shorten the lifespan of the APC battery. It is also important to remember that a UPS is not designed for frequent deep‑discharge cycles. We do not recommend using an APC Smart‑UPS or Back‑UPS as a portable power source that is repeatedly discharged and recharged (for example, when mounted on a mobile equipment cart). These units are specifically engineered for emergency backup power during unexpected outages or brief power interruptions—not for continuous cycling like a portable battery pack. 3. Storage: APC batteries should not be stored for extended periods of time. New batteries or UPS units should be stored for no longer than 6 months from the date of purchase, as they leave the factory at approximately 80% charge. After this period, the battery should be placed into use; otherwise, it will lose a significant portion of its charge. It is also not recommended to store batteries that have already been in use. Long‑term storage without periodic recharging can lead to reduced lifespan and unpredictable performance. Temperature and Storage Recommendations Storage temperature has a major impact on how quickly a battery degrades while not in use: –15°C to +30°C (5°F to 86°F):Perform a full recharge cycle at least every 6 months. +30°C to +45°C (86°F to 113°F):Perform a full recharge cycle at least every 3 months. Proper storage temperature and periodic recharging are essential to preserving battery health and ensuring reliable performance when the UPS is finally placed into service. 4. Load: As the load on your UPS increases, the available runtime decreases. For best performance and battery longevity, it is recommended not to exceed 80% of the UPS’s rated capacity. If a power outage occurs while the UPS is operating at or near full load, the battery will discharge much more quickly, reducing the amount of backup time available. Frequent heavy loads and rapid discharges can also significantly shorten the battery’s overall life expectancy. 5. Battery chemical reaction: As a VRLA (AGM) battery ages, it undergoes a chemical process known as sulfation. This occurs when lead sulfate crystals harden on the battery plates, reducing the battery’s ability to charge and discharge efficiently. This can lead to several noticeable effects: Longer charging times than normalExcessive heat buildup, which can eventually cause electrolyte “boil‑out”Shorter runtimes between chargesSignificantly reduced overall battery life 6. Battery replacement: Since the typical end‑of‑life for VRLA batteries is approximately five (5) years, it is strongly recommended to replace the UPS battery before reaching this age. Doing so helps prevent performance degradation and reduces the risk of possible hydrogen sulfide gas emission, which can occur when aging batteries begin to fail. 7. Firmware Improvements: For selected single‑phase Smart‑UPS models, it is recommended to update the UPS firmware to the latest available version. This ensures the unit benefits from all battery‑related enhancements, stability improvements, and performance optimizations provided by APC. For instructions and compatibility details, refer to FA164737, which outlines the process for updating firmware on supported single‑phase Smart‑UPS units. If you have any clarifications, please feel free to contact us at 1-800-800-4272 or chat with our technical support representatives.

Question 8

Wiring of RS485 Communications Networks

Accepted Answer

IssueThis document attempts to explain correct methods of wiring RS485 communication networks in industrial environments based on various application notes and technical articles. Environment RS485 Serial Modbus Communications Resolution 1. RS-485 (EIA/TIA-485) Differential Data Transmission System Basics The RS-485 standard was developed jointly by two trade associations: the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). The original prefix "RS" stands for Recommended Standard and has been officially replaced with "EIA/TIA" to help identify the origin of its standards. RS-485 Standard SpecificationsMode of operation Differential Allowed no. of Tx and Rx 32 Tx 32 Rx Maximum cable length 4000ft length Maximum data rate 10Mbps Minimum driver output range ±1.5V Maximum driver output range ±5V Minimum drive capability ±55mA Maximum driver short-circuit current 250mA Tx load impedance 54 Rx input sensitivity ±200mV Maximum Rx input resistance 12k Rx input voltage range -7V to +12V Rx logic high >200mV Rx logic low <200mV Max common mode voltage -7V to +12V Full duplex implementation requires 4 wires. This may be necessary for some applications involving legacy devices. In half-duplex implementation 2 wires are used this is the recommended configuration for most Schneider Electric PMC devices.All products manufactured by Schneider Electric PMC support half-duplex, 2 wire configuration. The 4 wire interface is usually implemented in order to avoid creating a T (tee) or star connections or to support full duplex connections.A twisted pair type of cable should be used in order to reduce radiated emissions and improve immunity of the communications system to any external electromagnetic interference. The National Electrical Code and all applicable local regulations must be followed when installing the communications wiring. Cable examples: Belden 9841 or Alpha 6412 or equivalent cable may be used for applications under 300V that are indoors or outdoors in conduit above grade.Belden 3074F or equivalent cable may be used for applications greater than 300V which are indoors or outdoors in conduit above grade. In all devices the RS485 ports are opto-isolated from the internal device electronics. All devices with RS485 port have a shield terminal, which may be connected to the chassis ground (e.g. on 7X50, 880, 8600) or to the isolated reference of the RS485 port (i.e. no connection to the chassis ground as in 6200, 6300, 6100)2. Network Configuration 2.1 TopologySeveral types of network topologies are possible, but the daisy-chain bus configuration is the most efficient. Typically, one of the units is the client controlling the network traffic and prevents multiple drivers from being active at the same time (bus contention). A shielded twisted pair cable is the physical medium. The cable impedance should be within 100-120ohm range. In the Backbone with Studs technology, no studs should be left unconnected at the device end. Otherwise, such a stud will act as an antenna and introduce a significant amount of noise on the RS485 bus, to such a point that communications may become impossible. This is actually a fairly common source of problems. The longer the cable, the lower the data rate: 2.2 TerminationTermination resistors that match the cable's characteristic impedance are essential for minimizing reflections and consequently communication error rates and electromagnetic emissions. For common RS-485 cables (a twisted pair of 24AWG wires), this means a 100-120 resistor at both ends . Termination resistors should be used especially with long cable length to ensure data integrity. Note that, on very long cable length, adding termination resistors can sometime cause an additional drop of voltage that will cause a loss of communication on the devices that are furthest from the client. In this case, adding a repeater or removing some termination resistors can restore communications.2.3 Fails-Safe Biasing Open bus condition:When a node is disconnected from the bus, the state of the bus, as seen by the receiver, is undetermined and may result in random output from the receiver. A weak failsafe biasing is recommended to ensure that the receiver does not enter undetermined state under open bus conditions. Idle bus condition:When no drivers are active on a bus with termination resistors, those resistors will decrease the differential bus voltage to zero, which according to the RS485 standard, is an undefined bus condition. Biasing resistors should be used in order to generate a valid bus logic state under idle-bus conditions. Biasing resistors are only needed at one node (usually the client), hence configuration switches must be used if the biasing resistors are incorporated into every node. Only one device on the bus should be providing the biasing. The biasing resistors may be external or internal to the device. Some products e.g.8800, 7X50 have internal resistors which may be connected with internal switches to provide biasing of the bus. The Com 32 and Com 128 have permanently connected biasing resistors.2.4 Unit Load (U.L.)A one RS485 transceiver represent a load of 1U.L. The RS485 standard specifies the bus loading as 32 U.L. 2.5 Shielding and GroundingThe RS485 interface standard does not specify a ground wire, but such wire is needed to provide a return path for common mode currents and consequently reduce emissions. It may be possible to operate the RS485 loop without a ground wire, but such systems may radiate high levels of EMI. A shield limits coupling of external interference and noise onto the bus. Generally the shield should be connected to the chassis ground (installation ground) at one end of the cable. In case of ground potential differences between nodes (common in industrial locations) this arrangement prevents the flow of DC ground loop currents in the shield. Ground loop currents flowing in the shield will induce noise in the communications cable. A capacitor or an RC network may be used between the other end and ground. The RS485 nodes can tolerate from -7V to +12V of common mode voltage. When this voltage is exceeded the nodes are no longer guaranteed to function and may even be damaged.Due to significant differences in ground potentials that may and will be present between nodes in industrial locations, ground should not be used as a reference. In installations where ground is used as return path 100-120 resistors may be used to limit the ground currents flowing due to ground potential differences between devices. The figure below illustrates the grounding concepts. Connection Example: 6300 meter, terminated daisy chain bus. The shield terminal is not connected to chassis ground of the meter. Installer must ensure low impedance connection to the system ground at one end of the cable. The 4 wire port on the 6300 is intended to help the installer avoid making T (or stub) connections. Note the use of termination resistors RT. Example: third party devices: Examples of improper networks Do NOT do this: Unterminated cable:Incorrect location of termination resistor: Multiple cables in a star configuration Backbone cable with long stubs:

Question 9

What is the selection criterion of Circuit Breakers for the Capacitor bank application.

Accepted Answer

The selection should be done after derating the Circuit Breaker taking into consideration voltage variation and capacitors tolerances that could increase nominal current up to 1.5In. The Derating factor of 1.5In Where In = Q/ ( Square root of 3 ) Un Q = Capacitor Power Un = Nominal Voltage Choose the Micrologic with delay time selection, so that the Circuit Breaker does not trip due to initial high inrush current. Also to be taken into account are the parameters like supply frequency, operating voltage & harmonics level of the power system for such application. Refer the attached sheet for further details for selection of Circuit Breaker for Capacitor duty application. Note: Use the phase barrier between the phases in Circuit Breaker to prevent flashover due to heavy inrush current.

Question 10

Why is Neutral and Earth (Ground) Connection forbidden Downstream from Main Panel?

Accepted Answer

The question is often asked what is the maximum voltage permitted between the Neutral and Earth (Ground) conductor and if the Neutral and Earth can be bridged to achieve a zero value.This can be a difficult topic, in fact in many cases it can be dangerous. As you will see from the attached document, there are many reasons why it is not allowed.

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