10 Ways to Harness the Energy and Water Efficiencies of Direct Liquid Cooling

As liquid cooling becomes more prevalent, there are growing uncertainties with how its implementation impacts sustainability. This paper explores 7 design factors and 3 operational choices for single-phase direct-to-chip liquid-cooled systems that affect energy use and water use as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and toxicity. We provide practical guidance to improve sustainability, supported by quantitative analysis, and discuss how future trends may further impact liquid cooling's sustainability.